Roxana Carare Research Team - Our Network & Collaborators

About Roxana

Roxana Carare is a medically qualified Professor of Clinical Neuroanatomy and experimental neuropathology in the University of Southampton. Having graduated in general medicine in 1994 in Bucharest, Roxana completed her PhD in experimental neuropathology in 2006, in the University of Southampton, UK. The main international recognition for Roxana Carare has come from the neuroanatomy and neuropathology interdisciplinary research she leads, demonstrating the unique lymphatic drainage pathways by which fluid and soluble amyloid are eliminated from the brain along basement membranes within the walls of cerebral capillaries and arteries (Intramural Periarterial Drainage Pathways, IPAD). The focus of her research is to manipulate the pathways to improve the clearance of amyloid and interstitial fluid from the ageing brain, preventing neurodegenerative and neurovascular disease.

Roxana is currently a communications Co-Chair for Alliance of Women Alzheimer’s Researches (AWARE)

Publications

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Presenting as Massive Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: A Case Study and Review of Literature. Saito, S, Ikeda, Y, Ando, D, Carare, RO, Ishibashi-Ueda, H et al.. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12 :538456. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.538456. PubMed PMID:33240073 PubMed Central PMC7683384.

Editorial: Intramural Vascular Cells: Key Therapeutic Targets for Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Saito, S, McLaurin, J, Carare, RO. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12 :615780. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.615780. PubMed PMID:33192495 PubMed Central PMC7662129.

Oral Carriage of Streptococcus mutans Harboring the cnm Gene Relates to an Increased Incidence of Cerebral Microbleeds. Hosoki, S, Saito, S, Tonomura, S, Ishiyama, H, Yoshimoto, T et al.. Stroke. 2020;51 (12):3632-3639. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.029607. PubMed PMID:33148146 PubMed Central PMC7678651.

Retinal imaging in Alzheimer's and neurodegenerative diseases. Snyder, PJ, Alber, J, Alt, C, Bain, LJ, Bouma, BE et al.. Alzheimers Dement. 2020; :. doi: 10.1002/alz.12179. PubMed PMID:33090722 .

Vascular α1A Adrenergic Receptors as a Potential Therapeutic Target for IPAD in Alzheimer's Disease. Frost, M, Keable, A, Baseley, D, Sealy, A, Andreea Zbarcea, D et al.. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2020;13 (9):. doi: 10.3390/ph13090261. PubMed PMID:32971843 PubMed Central PMC7560129.

Peri-arterial pathways for clearance of α-Synuclein and tau from the brain: Implications for the pathogenesis of dementias and for immunotherapy. Nimmo, J, Johnston, DA, Dodart, JC, MacGregor-Sharp, MT, Weller, RO et al.. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2020;12 (1):e12070. doi: 10.1002/dad2.12070. PubMed PMID:32782922 PubMed Central PMC7409108.

Clearance of interstitial fluid (ISF) and CSF (CLIC) group-part of Vascular Professional Interest Area (PIA): Cerebrovascular disease and the failure of elimination of Amyloid-β from the brain and retina with age and Alzheimer's disease-Opportunities for Therapy. Carare, RO, Aldea, R, Agarwal, N, Bacskai, BJ, Bechman, I et al.. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2020;12 (1):e12053. doi: 10.1002/dad2.12053. PubMed PMID:32775596 PubMed Central PMC7396859.

Demonstrating a reduced capacity for removal of fluid from cerebral white matter and hypoxia in areas of white matter hyperintensity associated with age and dementia. MacGregor Sharp, M, Saito, S, Keable, A, Gatherer, M, Aldea, R et al.. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2020;8 (1):131. doi: 10.1186/s40478-020-01009-1. PubMed PMID:32771063 PubMed Central PMC7414710.

Retinal Vascular Pathology in a Rat Model of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Scheifele, HM, Ulbrich, P, Garz, C, Carare, RO, Heinze, HJ et al.. Front Neurol. 2020;11 :533. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00533. PubMed PMID:32695061 PubMed Central PMC7338761.

ApoE4 Astrocytes Secrete Basement Membranes Rich in Fibronectin and Poor in Laminin Compared to ApoE3 Astrocytes. Keable, A, O'Neill, R, MacGregor Sharp, M, Gatherer, M, Yuen, HM et al.. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21 (12):. doi: 10.3390/ijms21124371. PubMed PMID:32575521 PubMed Central PMC7352194.

Neurofilaments: neurobiological foundations for biomarker applications. Gafson, AR, Barthélemy, NR, Bomont, P, Carare, RO, Durham, HD et al.. Brain. 2020;143 (7):1975-1998. doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa098. PubMed PMID:32408345 PubMed Central PMC7363489.

UK consensus on pre-clinical vascular cognitive impairment functional outcomes assessment: Questionnaire and workshop proceedings. McFall, A, Hietamies, TM, Bernard, A, Aimable, M, Allan, SM et al.. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2020;40 (7):1402-1414. doi: 10.1177/0271678X20910552. PubMed PMID:32151228 PubMed Central PMC7307003.

Vital Functions Contribute to the Spread of Extracellular Fluids in the Brain: Comparison Between Life and Death. Piotrowska, A, Winter, K, Carare, RO, Bechmann, I. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12 :15. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00015. PubMed PMID:32116648 PubMed Central PMC7027336.

The Pattern of AQP4 Expression in the Ageing Human Brain and in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Owasil, R, O'Neill, R, Keable, A, Nimmo, J, MacGregor Sharp, M et al.. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21 (4):. doi: 10.3390/ijms21041225. PubMed PMID:32059400 PubMed Central PMC7072949.

Vasomotion Drives Periarterial Drainage of Aβ from the Brain. Carare, RO, Aldea, R, Bulters, D, Alzetani, A, Birch, AA et al.. Neuron. 2020;105 (3):400-401. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.011. PubMed PMID:32027828 .

The Diverse Roles of TIMP-3: Insights into Degenerative Diseases of the Senescent Retina and Brain. Dewing, JM, Carare, RO, Lotery, AJ, Ratnayaka, JA. Cells. 2019;9 (1):. doi: 10.3390/cells9010039. PubMed PMID:31877820 PubMed Central PMC7017234.

Solving an Old Dogma: Is it an Arteriole or a Venule?. MacGregor Sharp, M, Criswell, TP, Dobson, H, Finucane, C, Verma, A et al.. Front Aging Neurosci. 2019;11 :289. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00289. PubMed PMID:31695607 PubMed Central PMC6817770.

Brain pharmacology of intrathecal antisense oligonucleotides revealed through multimodal imaging. Mazur, C, Powers, B, Zasadny, K, Sullivan, JM, Dimant, H et al.. JCI Insight. 2019;4 (20):. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.129240. PubMed PMID:31619586 PubMed Central PMC6824309.

Invited Review: The spectrum of age-related small vessel diseases: potential overlap and interactions of amyloid and nonamyloid vasculopathies. Schreiber, S, Wilisch-Neumann, A, Schreiber, F, Assmann, A, Scheumann, V et al.. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2020;46 (3):219-239. doi: 10.1111/nan.12576. PubMed PMID:31386773 .

Small vessel disease pathological changes in neurodegenerative and vascular dementias concomitant with autonomic dysfunction. Hase, Y, Polvikoski, TM, Firbank, MJ, Craggs, LJL, Hawthorne, E et al.. Brain Pathol. 2020;30 (1):191-202. doi: 10.1111/bpa.12769. PubMed PMID:31357238 .

3D Reconstruction of the Neurovascular Unit Reveals Differential Loss of Cholinergic Innervation in the Cortex and Hippocampus of the Adult Mouse Brain. Nizari, S, Carare, RO, Romero, IA, Hawkes, CA. Front Aging Neurosci. 2019;11 :172. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00172. PubMed PMID:31333445 PubMed Central PMC6620643.

Dispersion in porous media in oscillatory flow between flat plates: applications to intrathecal, periarterial and paraarterial solute transport in the central nervous system. Keith Sharp, M, Carare, RO, Martin, BA. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2019;16 (1):13. doi: 10.1186/s12987-019-0132-y. PubMed PMID:31056079 PubMed Central PMC6512764.

Knockout of apolipoprotein A-I decreases parenchymal and vascular β-amyloid pathology in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Contu, L, Carare, RO, Hawkes, CA. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2019;45 (7):698-714. doi: 10.1111/nan.12556. PubMed PMID:31002190 .

Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle Cells as the Drivers of Intramural Periarterial Drainage of the Brain. Aldea, R, Weller, RO, Wilcock, DM, Carare, RO, Richardson, G et al.. Front Aging Neurosci. 2019;11 :1. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00001. PubMed PMID:30740048 PubMed Central PMC6357927.

Vascular dysfunction-The disregarded partner of Alzheimer's disease. Sweeney, MD, Montagne, A, Sagare, AP, Nation, DA, Schneider, LS et al.. Alzheimers Dement. 2019;15 (1):158-167. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.222. PubMed PMID:30642436 PubMed Central PMC6338083.

CSF Neurofilament Light Chain Levels in Primary Progressive MS: Signs of Axonal Neurodegeneration. Pawlitzki, M, Schreiber, S, Bittner, D, Kreipe, J, Leypoldt, F et al.. Front Neurol. 2018;9 :1037. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01037. PubMed PMID:30631300 PubMed Central PMC6315185.

Military-related risk factors for dementia. Snyder, HM, Carare, RO, DeKosky, ST, de Leon, MJ, Dykxhoorn, D et al.. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14 (12):1651-1662. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.08.011. PubMed PMID:30415806 PubMed Central PMC6281800.

A control mechanism for intra-mural peri-arterial drainage via astrocytes: How neuronal activity could improve waste clearance from the brain. Diem, AK, Carare, RO, Weller, RO, Bressloff, NW. PLoS One. 2018;13 (10):e0205276. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205276. PubMed PMID:30286191 PubMed Central PMC6171921.

The association between hypertensive arteriopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. Jandke, S, Garz, C, Schwanke, D, Sendtner, M, Heinze, HJ et al.. Brain Pathol. 2018;28 (6):844-859. doi: 10.1111/bpa.12629. PubMed PMID:30062722 .

Convective influx/glymphatic system: tracers injected into the CSF enter and leave the brain along separate periarterial basement membrane pathways. Albargothy, NJ, Johnston, DA, MacGregor-Sharp, M, Weller, RO, Verma, A et al.. Acta Neuropathol. 2018;136 (1):139-152. doi: 10.1007/s00401-018-1862-7. PubMed PMID:29754206 PubMed Central PMC6015107.

Small vessels, dementia and chronic diseases - molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology. Horsburgh, K, Wardlaw, JM, van Agtmael, T, Allan, SM, Ashford, MLJ et al.. Clin Sci (Lond). 2018;132 (8):851-868. doi: 10.1042/CS20171620. PubMed PMID:29712883 PubMed Central PMC6700732.

The fine anatomy of the perivascular compartment in the human brain: relevance to dilated perivascular spaces in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. MacGregor Sharp, M, Bulters, D, Brandner, S, Holton, J, Verma, A et al.. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2019;45 (3):305-308. doi: 10.1111/nan.12480. PubMed PMID:29486067 .

The meninges as barriers and facilitators for the movement of fluid, cells and pathogens related to the rodent and human CNS. Weller, RO, Sharp, MM, Christodoulides, M, Carare, RO, Møllgård, K et al.. Acta Neuropathol. 2018;135 (3):363-385. doi: 10.1007/s00401-018-1809-z. PubMed PMID:29368214 .

Inhibition of Aquaporin-4 Improves the Outcome of Ischaemic Stroke and Modulates Brain Paravascular Drainage Pathways. Pirici, I, Balsanu, TA, Bogdan, C, Margaritescu, C, Divan, T et al.. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;19 (1):. doi: 10.3390/ijms19010046. PubMed PMID:29295526 PubMed Central PMC5795996.

Editorial: Clearance Pathways for Amyloid-β. Significance for Alzheimer's Disease and Its Therapy. Carare, RO. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017;9 :339. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00339. PubMed PMID:29163126 PubMed Central PMC5663857.

The perivascular pathways for influx of cerebrospinal fluid are most efficient in the midbrain. Dobson, H, Sharp, MM, Cumpsty, R, Criswell, TP, Wellman, T et al.. Clin Sci (Lond). 2017;131 (22):2745-2752. doi: 10.1042/CS20171265. PubMed PMID:29021222 .

The structure of the perivascular compartment in the old canine brain: a case study. Criswell, TP, Sharp, MM, Dobson, H, Finucane, C, Weller, RO et al.. Clin Sci (Lond). 2017;131 (22):2737-2744. doi: 10.1042/CS20171278. PubMed PMID:28982724 .

Arterial Pulsations cannot Drive Intramural Periarterial Drainage: Significance for Aβ Drainage. Diem, AK, MacGregor Sharp, M, Gatherer, M, Bressloff, NW, Carare, RO et al.. Front Neurosci. 2017;11 :475. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00475. PubMed PMID:28883786 PubMed Central PMC5574214.

Hypercholesterolemia induced cerebral small vessel disease. Kraft, P, Schuhmann, MK, Garz, C, Jandke, S, Urlaub, D et al.. PLoS One. 2017;12 (8):e0182822. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182822. PubMed PMID:28796818 PubMed Central PMC5552130.

Loss of clusterin shifts amyloid deposition to the cerebrovasculature via disruption of perivascular drainage pathways. Wojtas, AM, Kang, SS, Olley, BM, Gatherer, M, Shinohara, M et al.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114 (33):E6962-E6971. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1701137114. PubMed PMID:28701379 PubMed Central PMC5565413.

Vascular basement membrane alterations and β-amyloid accumulations in an animal model of cerebral small vessel disease. Held, F, Morris, AWJ, Pirici, D, Niklass, S, Sharp, MMG et al.. Clin Sci (Lond). 2017;131 (10):1001-1013. doi: 10.1042/CS20170004. PubMed PMID:28348005 .

Cerebrospinal Fluid Clearance in Alzheimer Disease Measured with Dynamic PET. de Leon, MJ, Li, Y, Okamura, N, Tsui, WH, Saint-Louis, LA et al.. J Nucl Med. 2017;58 (9):1471-1476. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.116.187211. PubMed PMID:28302766 PubMed Central PMC5577629.

Quantitative Assessment of Cerebral Basement Membranes Using Electron Microscopy. Sharp, MM, Page, A, Morris, A, Weller, RO, Carare, RO et al.. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1559 :367-375. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6786-5_25. PubMed PMID:28063057 .

Investigating the Lymphatic Drainage of the Brain: Essential Skills and Tools. Albargothy, NJ, Sharp, MM, Gatherer, M, Morris, A, Weller, RO et al.. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1559 :343-365. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6786-5_24. PubMed PMID:28063056 .

Systems proteomic analysis reveals that clusterin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 increase in leptomeningeal arteries affected by cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Manousopoulou, A, Gatherer, M, Smith, C, Nicoll, JAR, Woelk, CH et al.. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2017;43 (6):492-504. doi: 10.1111/nan.12342. PubMed PMID:27543695 PubMed Central PMC5638106.

Vascular, glial, and lymphatic immune gateways of the central nervous system. Engelhardt, B, Carare, RO, Bechmann, I, Flügel, A, Laman, JD et al.. Acta Neuropathol. 2016;132 (3):317-38. doi: 10.1007/s00401-016-1606-5. PubMed PMID:27522506 PubMed Central PMC4992028.

Cerebrovascular pathology: the dark side of neurodegeneration. Carare, RO, Kalaria, R. Acta Neuropathol. 2016;131 (5):641-3. doi: 10.1007/s00401-016-1573-x. PubMed PMID:27062259 .

Clearance systems in the brain--implications for Alzheimer diseaser. Tarasoff-Conway, JM, Carare, RO, Osorio, RS, Glodzik, L, Butler, T et al.. Nat Rev Neurol. 2016;12 (4):248. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.36. PubMed PMID:27020556 .

Lymphatic Clearance of the Brain: Perivascular, Paravascular and Significance for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Bakker, EN, Bacskai, BJ, Arbel-Ornath, M, Aldea, R, Bedussi, B et al.. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2016;36 (2):181-94. doi: 10.1007/s10571-015-0273-8. PubMed PMID:26993512 PubMed Central PMC4844641.

Vascular basement membranes as pathways for the passage of fluid into and out of the brain. Morris, AW, Sharp, MM, Albargothy, NJ, Fernandes, R, Hawkes, CA et al.. Acta Neuropathol. 2016;131 (5):725-36. doi: 10.1007/s00401-016-1555-z. PubMed PMID:26975356 PubMed Central PMC4835509.

Increased Aβ pathology in aged Tg2576 mice born to mothers fed a high fat diet. Nizari, S, Carare, RO, Hawkes, CA. Sci Rep. 2016;6 :21981. doi: 10.1038/srep21981. PubMed PMID:26911528 PubMed Central PMC4766411.

A Simulation Model of Periarterial Clearance of Amyloid-β from the Brain. Diem, AK, Tan, M, Bressloff, NW, Hawkes, C, Morris, AW et al.. Front Aging Neurosci. 2016;8 :18. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00018. PubMed PMID:26903861 PubMed Central PMC4751273.

Hemisphere Asymmetry of Response to Pharmacologic Treatment in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Manousopoulou, A, Saito, S, Yamamoto, Y, Al-Daghri, NM, Ihara, M et al.. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;51 (2):333-8. doi: 10.3233/JAD-151078. PubMed PMID:26836196 PubMed Central PMC4927832.

Pulsations with reflected boundary waves: a hydrodynamic reverse transport mechanism for perivascular drainage in the brain. Coloma, M, Schaffer, JD, Carare, RO, Chiarot, PR, Huang, P et al.. J Math Biol. 2016;73 (2):469-90. doi: 10.1007/s00285-015-0960-6. PubMed PMID:26729476 .

Peristalsis with Oscillating Flow Resistance: A Mechanism for Periarterial Clearance of Amyloid Beta from the Brain. Sharp, MK, Diem, AK, Weller, RO, Carare, RO. Ann Biomed Eng. 2016;44 (5):1553-65. doi: 10.1007/s10439-015-1457-6. PubMed PMID:26399987 .

Deposition of amyloid β in the walls of human leptomeningeal arteries in relation to perivascular drainage pathways in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Keable, A, Fenna, K, Yuen, HM, Johnston, DA, Smyth, NR et al.. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016;1862 (5):1037-46. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.024. PubMed PMID:26327684 PubMed Central PMC4827375.

Quantification of molecular interactions between ApoE, amyloid-beta (Aβ) and laminin: Relevance to accumulation of Aβ in Alzheimer's disease. Zekonyte, J, Sakai, K, Nicoll, JA, Weller, RO, Carare, RO et al.. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016;1862 (5):1047-53. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.025. PubMed PMID:26327683 .

Clearance systems in the brain-implications for Alzheimer disease. Tarasoff-Conway, JM, Carare, RO, Osorio, RS, Glodzik, L, Butler, T et al.. Nat Rev Neurol. 2015;11 (8):457-70. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.119. PubMed PMID:26195256 PubMed Central PMC4694579.

Does the difference between PART and Alzheimer's disease lie in the age-related changes in cerebral arteries that trigger the accumulation of Aβ and propagation of tau?. Weller, RO, Hawkes, CA, Carare, RO, Hardy, J. Acta Neuropathol. 2015;129 (5):763-6. doi: 10.1007/s00401-015-1416-1. PubMed PMID:25814152 .

Are you also what your mother eats? Distinct proteomic portrait as a result of maternal high-fat diet in the cerebral cortex of the adult mouse. Manousopoulou, A, Woo, J, Woelk, CH, Johnston, HE, Singhania, A et al.. Int J Obes (Lond). 2015;39 (8):1325-8. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2015.35. PubMed PMID:25797609 PubMed Central PMC5399160.

Are the effects of APOE ϵ4 on cognitive function in nonclinical populations age- and gender-dependent?. Rusted, J, Carare, RO. Neurodegener Dis Manag. 2015;5 (1):37-48. doi: 10.2217/nmt.14.43. PubMed PMID:25711453 .

White matter changes in dementia: role of impaired drainage of interstitial fluid. Weller, RO, Hawkes, CA, Kalaria, RN, Werring, DJ, Carare, RO et al.. Brain Pathol. 2015;25 (1):63-78. doi: 10.1111/bpa.12218. PubMed PMID:25521178 .

Phosphodiesterase III inhibitor promotes drainage of cerebrovascular β-amyloid. Maki, T, Okamoto, Y, Carare, RO, Hase, Y, Hattori, Y et al.. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2014;1 (8):519-33. doi: 10.1002/acn3.79. PubMed PMID:25356424 PubMed Central PMC4184555.

Hypertension drives parenchymal β-amyloid accumulation in the brain parenchyma. Bueche, CZ, Hawkes, C, Garz, C, Vielhaber, S, Attems, J et al.. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2014;1 (2):124-9. doi: 10.1002/acn3.27. PubMed PMID:25356391 PubMed Central PMC4212487.

Prenatal high-fat diet alters the cerebrovasculature and clearance of β-amyloid in adult offspring. Hawkes, CA, Gentleman, SM, Nicoll, JA, Carare, RO. J Pathol. 2015;235 (4):619-31. doi: 10.1002/path.4468. PubMed PMID:25345857 .

The Cerebrovascular Basement Membrane: Role in the Clearance of β-amyloid and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Morris, AW, Carare, RO, Schreiber, S, Hawkes, CA. Front Aging Neurosci. 2014;6 :251. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00251. PubMed PMID:25285078 PubMed Central PMC4168721.

Failure of perivascular drainage of β-amyloid in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Hawkes, CA, Jayakody, N, Johnston, DA, Bechmann, I, Carare, RO et al.. Brain Pathol. 2014;24 (4):396-403. doi: 10.1111/bpa.12159. PubMed PMID:24946077 .

Impact of N-Acetylcysteine on cerebral amyloid-β plaques and kidney damage in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. Bueche, CZ, Garz, C, Stanaszek, L, Niklass, S, Kropf, S et al.. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42 Suppl 3 :S305-13. doi: 10.3233/JAD-132615. PubMed PMID:24898644 .

Interplay between age, cerebral small vessel disease, parenchymal amyloid-β, and tau pathology: longitudinal studies in hypertensive stroke-prone rats. Schreiber, S, Drukarch, B, Garz, C, Niklass, S, Stanaszek, L et al.. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42 Suppl 3 :S205-15. doi: 10.3233/JAD-132618. PubMed PMID:24825568 .

Intravital imaging in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats-a pilot study. Niklass, S, Stoyanov, S, Garz, C, Bueche, CZ, Mencl, S et al.. Exp Transl Stroke Med. 2014;6 (1):1. doi: 10.1186/2040-7378-6-1. PubMed PMID:24461046 PubMed Central PMC3996193.

Amyloid and tau in the brain in sporadic Alzheimer's disease: defining the chicken and the egg. Hawkes, CA, Carare, RO, Weller, RO. Acta Neuropathol. 2014;127 (4):617-8. doi: 10.1007/s00401-014-1243-9. PubMed PMID:24452628 PubMed Central PMC3950602.

Immune complex formation impairs the elimination of solutes from the brain: implications for immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease. Carare, RO, Teeling, JL, Hawkes, CA, Püntener, U, Weller, RO et al.. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2013;1 :48. doi: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-48. PubMed PMID:24252464 PubMed Central PMC3893559.

Afferent and efferent immunological pathways of the brain. Anatomy, function and failure. Carare, RO, Hawkes, CA, Weller, RO. Brain Behav Immun. 2014;36 :9-14. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.012. PubMed PMID:24145049 .

Stroke-induced opposite and age-dependent changes of vessel-associated markers in co-morbid transgenic mice with Alzheimer-like alterations. Hawkes, CA, Michalski, D, Anders, R, Nissel, S, Grosche, J et al.. Exp Neurol. 2013;250 :270-81. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.09.020. PubMed PMID:24103194 .

MK886 reduces cerebral amyloid angiopathy severity in TgCRND8 mice. Hawkes, CA, Shaw, JE, Brown, M, Sampson, AP, McLaurin, J et al.. Neurodegener Dis. 2014;13 (1):17-23. doi: 10.1159/000351096. PubMed PMID:24021653 .

Review: cerebral amyloid angiopathy, prion angiopathy, CADASIL and the spectrum of protein elimination failure angiopathies (PEFA) in neurodegenerative disease with a focus on therapy. Carare, RO, Hawkes, CA, Jeffrey, M, Kalaria, RN, Weller, RO et al.. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2013;39 (6):593-611. doi: 10.1111/nan.12042. PubMed PMID:23489283 .

Regional differences in the morphological and functional effects of aging on cerebral basement membranes and perivascular drainage of amyloid-β from the mouse brain. Hawkes, CA, Gatherer, M, Sharp, MM, Dorr, A, Yuen, HM et al.. Aging Cell. 2013;12 (2):224-36. doi: 10.1111/acel.12045. PubMed PMID:23413811 .

Disruption of arterial perivascular drainage of amyloid-β from the brains of mice expressing the human APOE ε4 allele. Hawkes, CA, Sullivan, PM, Hands, S, Weller, RO, Nicoll, JA et al.. PLoS One. 2012;7 (7):e41636. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041636. PubMed PMID:22848551 PubMed Central PMC3404985.

Intracerebral immune complex formation induces inflammation in the brain that depends on Fc receptor interaction. Teeling, JL, Carare, RO, Glennie, MJ, Perry, VH. Acta Neuropathol. 2012;124 (4):479-90. doi: 10.1007/s00401-012-0995-3. PubMed PMID:22618994 PubMed Central PMC3444701.

Spiritual belief, social support, physical functioning and depression among older people in Bulgaria and Romania. Coleman, PG, Carare, RO, Petrov, I, Forbes, E, Saigal, A et al.. Aging Ment Health. 2011;15 (3):327-33. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2010.519320. PubMed PMID:21491217 .

Perivascular drainage of solutes is impaired in the ageing mouse brain and in the presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Hawkes, CA, Härtig, W, Kacza, J, Schliebs, R, Weller, RO et al.. Acta Neuropathol. 2011;121 (4):431-43. doi: 10.1007/s00401-011-0801-7. PubMed PMID:21259015 .

Location of the sural nerve during posterolateral approach to the ankle. Jowett, AJ, Sheikh, FT, Carare, RO, Goodwin, MI. Foot Ankle Int. 2010;31 (10):880-3. doi: 10.3113/FAI.2010.0880. PubMed PMID:20964966 .

Pathophysiology of the lymphatic drainage of the central nervous system: Implications for pathogenesis and therapy of multiple sclerosis. Weller, RO, Galea, I, Carare, RO, Minagar, A. Pathophysiology. 2010;17 (4):295-306. doi: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.10.007. PubMed PMID:19954936 .

Cervical lymph nodes are found in direct relationship with the internal carotid artery: significance for the lymphatic drainage of the brain. Clapham, R, O'Sullivan, E, Weller, RO, Carare, RO. Clin Anat. 2010;23 (1):43-7. doi: 10.1002/ca.20887. PubMed PMID:19918869 .

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the aetiology and immunotherapy of Alzheimer disease. Weller, RO, Preston, SD, Subash, M, Carare, RO. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2009;1 (2):6. doi: 10.1186/alzrt6. PubMed PMID:19822028 PubMed Central PMC2874258.

Population studies of sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy and dementia: a systematic review. Keage, HA, Carare, RO, Friedland, RP, Ince, PG, Love, S et al.. BMC Neurol. 2009;9 :3. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-9-3. PubMed PMID:19144113 PubMed Central PMC2647900.

Lymphatic drainage of the brain and the pathophysiology of neurological disease. Weller, RO, Djuanda, E, Yow, HY, Carare, RO. Acta Neuropathol. 2009;117 (1):1-14. doi: 10.1007/s00401-008-0457-0. PubMed PMID:19002474 .

A unique variation of the sciatic nerve. Carare, RO, Goodwin, M. Clin Anat. 2008;21 (8):800-1. doi: 10.1002/ca.20696. PubMed PMID:18773477 .

Perivascular drainage of amyloid-beta peptides from the brain and its failure in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Weller, RO, Subash, M, Preston, SD, Mazanti, I, Carare, RO et al.. Brain Pathol. 2008;18 (2):253-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00133.x. PubMed PMID:18363936 .

Solutes, but not cells, drain from the brain parenchyma along basement membranes of capillaries and arteries: significance for cerebral amyloid angiopathy and neuroimmunology. Carare, RO, Bernardes-Silva, M, Newman, TA, Page, AM, Nicoll, JA et al.. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2008;34 (2):131-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00926.x. PubMed PMID:18208483 .

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Professor Roxana Carare

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Professor Roy Weller

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Dr Satoshi SAITO

SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOW

Dr louise Kelly

POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW

Maureen Gatherer

SENIOR RESEARCH TECHNICIAN

Matt MacGregor Sharp

RESEARCH ASSISTANT

Jacqui Nimmo

PHD STUDENT

Professor Roxana Carare

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Professor Roy Weller

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Dr Satoshi SAITO

SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOW

Dr louise Kelly

POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW

Maureen Gatherer

SENIOR RESEARCH TECHNICIAN

Matt MacGregor Sharp

RESEARCH ASSISTANT

Jacqui Nimmo

PHD STUDENT

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